[ttdbjhjn] Milling data into clay

Modify a CNC mill to carve into a wet clay tablet, for example, to draw a QR code.  Fire the clay tablet, and then you have data preserved in a medium that is known to be able to last thousands of years.

Should the mill simply poke the clay, displacing clay around the indentation?  This seems easy, but the displaced clay might disturb adjacent pixels.  What should be done if some displaced clay sticks to the poking tool?  Perhaps clean after each poke.

Alternatively, should the mill remove a small amount of clay for each indentation?  This seems better but mechanically more difficult and messy.

How difficult is it to get the initial clay surface flat enough to make fine markings with the mill?  Alternatively, do some 3D scanning to start with a depth model of the not-quite-flat blank tablet.  This of course is what human scribes did, impressing cuneiform into only approximately flat clay tablets.  Humans do depth perception visually and with pressure sensing.  Will the wet clay change shape during the time it takes to carve it?

Wet clay is messy.  It might be easier to start with a hard material and use a mill in the traditional way.  What hard material will last at least as long as clay?  Of course, fired clay, i.e., ceramic, is one possibility, but is it too brittle to mill?

Laser etching or laser engraving ceramic is another possibility.  We would want to actually etch the ceramic and not just the glaze, because ceramic is what known to last a long time.  Can laser tricks (i.e., focusing) engrave ceramic beneath the glaze without disturbing the glaze?  If etching away the glaze first, or engraving unglazed ceramic, what is the best way to apply a protective coating afterward?  Maybe just glaze again.

Laser engraving glass is another possibility.  Internal engraving, i.e., bubblegram, is intriguing, as it protects the data from wear and offers the possibility of 3D encoded data.  How would one read such data?

Instead of mechanically carving a material, also consider photolithography.  What substrates work and will last as long as clay?

3D printing is also an alternative to milling.  What materials last as long as clay?

Clay is attractive because it is basically dirt, so it is very inexpensive compared to probably anything else.  Aluminum and glass are probably the most compelling long-lasting alternatives.

Can the clay tablet have a shape which protects it from damage?  Of course, the thicker it is, the less likely it is to break.  Maybe a lip or rim around the sides will protect from abrasion.

Slight variation:

Instead of carving data directly into a medium, carve a stamp or die which can then be used to print many copies of the data, perhaps with ink or pressing into another medium, e.g., clay or a softer metal.  Previously.

One way to create a stamp of a QR code is with movable type, where the only two "letters" (sorts) are the white pixel and black pixel.  Manually assembling a stamp from pixels would be tedious but movable type has always been tedious.  After creating a stamp, suppose testing reveals an error.  Can the error pixel be fixed without having to disassemble and reassemble the entire stamp?

Can movable type be automated?  If so, it is an alternative to the CNC mill.

Anticipating broken pottery.

[hiykzdfz] Sensitivity of binary addition

Consider computing the sum of 2 given binary numbers.  For each bit of both addends, determine which bits of the sum that would change if the addend bit were flipped.  Label each addend bit with the number of output bits it affects.

This should be easy.  Not sure what this is useful for, because it requires the inputs to be given.

A single flipped bit, causing or preventing a carry, can affect many bits of the sum if it is adjacent to a long consecutive run of bits adding 0+1 or 1+0.  This long-range data dependence of addition gives ARX ciphers their security, and a potential side-channel vulnerability.

It might be interesting to illustrate this in base 10 in the evaluation of the 196 problem (Lychrel numbers).  There are some details that would need to be worked out.

This exercise could also be extended to adding more than 2 numbers.

[uckdlvbf] Composites in arithmetic progression

We are given a sequence a*n + b whose members are all not prime for 1 <= n <= nmax, where a and b are relatively prime.  (Note that a=1 or b=1 are permitted because they cause GCD = 1, which is the definition of relatively prime.)

What (a, b, nmax) are notable / difficult to find?

For the case a=1 (and a=2), this is about prime gaps, well studied by others.

This is the dual of Primes in Arithmetic Progression, also well studied by others.

[zycynynq] That's no small galaxy

That's a K3 civilization coming to attack us.

Inspiration: Before obtaining the Infinity Stones, Thanos was trying to kill half of all life in the universe the hard way, with an army.  Realistically, to do that, he would have needed a fleet at least the size of a galaxy.  (Probably more: the universe is a large place.)

It seems fairly straightforward to move a galaxy: stars can be steered, for example, with a Shkadov thruster.  Use massive stars to gravity assist smaller, less powerful stars, as well as shepherd gas and dust.  Supermassive black holes (and black holes in general) can produce lots of energy by dropping stuff into them, so some Shkadov thruster variation should work on them.  How do we move dark matter?

[mpyuesum] Pronunciation of oganesson

If a time should ever come that many people are speaking about oganesson (element 118, ununoctium), what pronunciation, in particular, what syllable stress pattern, will become popular?

O-ga-NESS-on, with the stress on NESS, with the final -on likely turning into a schwa or syncope (vowel reduction) because English tends to avoid two stressed syllables in a row, so more like oganess'n, rhymes with messin'.  This pronunciation diverges from that of other noble gases neon argon krypton xenon radon, which definitely pronounce the final -on.  The final -on is the defining characteristic (at least in spelling) of the names of noble gases.  This pronunciation is similar to that of the name Oganessian after whom the element is named, so people close to Oganessian will likely prefer this pronunciation.  Perhaps those people will also alter their pronunciation the other noble gases to ne'n arg'n krypt'n xen'n rad'n to match oganess'n.  Radon becomes homophonous with raidin'.

o-GA-ne-SON, with the stress on GA, and the vowel of "ne" likely reduced to schwa.  This pronunciation seems more consistent with how stress typically works in English.  It sounds like a made-up Irish surname O'Gannesonne.  This pronunciation remains consistent with the pronunciation of the final -on in neon argon krypton xenon radon.  Perhaps people who work with the other noble gases will prefer this pronunciation.

Perhaps different communities will diverge, each pronouncing it their own way, each insisting that their way is the right and only way.

Previously, on changing the names of elements that end with -on but are not noble gases.

[fdhjveye] 4 program interactions

A computer program interacts with 4 types of entities:

1. storage, i.e., file system
2. user
3. other programs
4. operating system

These things overlap, and boundaries are fuzzy.  The "operating system" category serves as a catch-all for "other".

There are constant efforts at reengineering the interaction mechanisms with all of them.

[fitgcvtn] Systematic element digit letters

Systematic element names, in particular the initial letters of their components used to form the systematic element symbol, establish a one-to-one mapping between letters and digits:

0123456789 = nubtqphsoe

This is better than many other digit-letter systems which face a difficulty of whether the first letter should stand for 0 or for 1.  For example, all of these are reasonable.

0123456789 = abcdefghij
0123456789 = jabcdefghi
0123456789 = zabcdefghi

You just have to know which convention is being used.  Similar issues arise with the CHARLESTON code.

In contrast, with the systematic element code, zero = null/nihil (N) is encoded into the meaning of the letter.

Possible difficulties with this Greek and Latin derived code:

Need to remember that 1 is U not mono (M).
Need to remember that 2 is B not di (D).
Need to remember that 67 is hex(H)-sept(S), not sex(S)-hept(H).

Because 3 is unambiguously T in both languages, it forces 4 not to be tetra, so 4 must be Q (quattuor).  This forces 5 not to be quinque, so 5 must be P (pente).  It's nice that things work out.  However, reconstructing this line of logic takes a bit of thought.

[hlqtcvan] Parrying the Death Star

While Luke, on board the Millennium Falcon, struggles against the combat remote under the tutelage of Obi-wan Kenobi, Darth Vader puts the Death Star through its paces by having it fire directly at himself, which he parries or tanks (absorbs) with the utmost of ease: the Death Star's power is insignificant next to the power of the Force.  (Do cinematic juxtaposition: both are spherical devices that shoot beams.)

While parrying, Vader takes engineering notes on the Death Star's beam, which is the point of the exercise: observe the beam first hand.  Anakin is a skillful engineer (he has been an engineer since a very young age when he was a slave to Watto) and is in fact one of the main forces (pun) behind the Death Star's construction.  It would have been nice if there were foreshadowing through the prequels that Anakin would become the engineering brains behind the construction of the Death Star.  (He would have been an awesome role model for young movie-watchers choosing to pursue a career in engineering.)  Maybe along the way, designs the combat droid that Luke later practices against.

The exercise allows testing the Death Star at full power against a target, while avoiding the attention that the explosion of a planet might attract.  Or, beyond full power as any engineer would likely try: let's keep cranking this baby up to see what its limits are: there's only one way to find out!

This testing is why the Empire did not fire on the gas giant planet Yavin, because they knew that the Death Star would have problems taking it out.  (On the other side of planet Yavin circled its moon Yavin IV, on which the Rebel base was constructed.  The Empire was forced to wait until the Death Star had a line of sight to Yavin IV.  This delay gave the Rebels just enough time to mount its attack against the Death Star's exhaust port.)

[nhpvwvuj] When was Kepler proven wrong?

Kepler showed ellipses explain planetary motion well.  Newton's theory of gravity subsumed Kepler's.  Who first proved this, that is, that an inverse square law of gravity yields Kepler's elliptical orbits?  Probably Newton: it's likely that Newton started with Kepler's laws and worked backward.  (Try replicating this as an exercise.)

Newton theory of universal gravitation predicts more than Kepler's regarding planetary motion: Netwon's theory predicts that planets should affect each other, causing them to deviate slightly from their elliptical orbits.  Was this observed or explicitly predicted first?  There does not seem to be any landmark event marking Newton being proved right, or more precisely, Kepler being proved wrong.

Planets affecting each other, deviating from ellipses, seems a very important departure from a model with planets locked in unchanging crystal spheres.  Even Kepler's model could have been imagined as planets sliding along crystal elliptical tracks as if in a giant clock.

Obviously planets affect their moons (e.g., Galilean moons around Jupiter, Earth's Moon), so maybe going from that to planets affecting each other was not a great leap.  When did we discover that Jupiter's moons affect each other in a way consistent with Newton's theory?

When did we discover that Jupiter is extremely massive relative to the other planets?

The anomalous precession of the perihelion of Mercury (more than the amount explainable by planets affecting each other!) was observed first, then explained by Einstein in 1915 with general relativity, disproving Newton.

The solar eclipse experiment then happened in 1919, which conclusively disproved Newton, and was a highly celebrated event.  Was the solar eclipse experiment more conclusive than observations of Mercury?  I guess it has less complexity: how much did (say) Jupiter affect that beam of starlight just grazing the surface of the sun?  Probably very little.  Which planet had the greatest effect?  Probably earth, possibly Moon.

[fwibgiza] issmooth

Given a number x and a bound b, determine whether x is b-smooth, that is, all prime factors of x are less than or equal to b.  What is a good algorithm for this problem?

Variations:

Define "almost b-smooth" to mean at most one of the prime factors is greater than b.  Determine whether a given number is almost b-smooth.

Find the first few numbers after a given minimum that are (almost) b-smooth.

One can probabilistically solve these problems with the Elliptic Curve Method of factorization, going up to a B1 and number of iterations appropriate for the bound b.  (Similarly Pollard rho, done before ECM.)  What bounds and iterations are sufficient (for what probability of failure) for a given bound b?  Are there better ways?

Not sure what these might be useful for.

[cyutalte] "Snap" as a measure of mortality rate

Inspired by Thanos in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, consider a "snap" as a unit of death toll.

current world population: 7.8 billion

1 snap is the death of half that: 3.9 billion deaths

current global mortality rate: 7.7 deaths per 1000 per year = 60.06 million total deaths = 15.4 millisnap = 15400 microsnap.

(In general, X millisnap = a mortality rate of X/2 per 1000.  Killing half the population = mortality rate of 500 per 1000 = mortality rate of (1000/2) per 1000 = 1000 millisnap = 1 snap.)

average annual worldwide mortality burden of influenza: 389000 deaths = 100 microsnap
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6815659/
(range including uncertainty and variability: 75 to 133 microsnap)

Some people, possibly alarmist, are estimating COVID-19 to be 5-10x "worse" than flu.  Assuming they mean "worse" in its global death toll after 1 year, they are predicting that COVID-19 will be 500 to 1000 microsnap.

Assuming population is constant (which it isn't):

1 microsnap = 3900 deaths (e.g., 9/11)
death of 1 person = 0.256 nanosnap = 256 picosnap
1 micromort = 0.256 femtosnap = 256 attosnap

[ccxjtrre] Equal-area bell-shaped curves

Here are some pictures of pairs of bell-shaped curves.  In each graph, both curves have the same area underneath their curves; that is, the values of their integrals from 0 to infinity are the same.

In the graph below, the peak height of the second, blue, curve is half that of the first, red, curve.  Overlap is magenta.

In the graph below, the peak height of the second, blue, curve is 1/3 that of the first, red, curve.

In the graph below, the peak height of the second, blue, curve is 1/4 that of the first, red, curve.

In the graph below, the peak height of the second, blue, curve is 1/6 that of the first, red, curve.

The graphs were inspired by the many "Flatten The Curve" graphics encouraging social distancing in response to COVID-19.  Many of those graphs optimistically predict the flattened (lower-peak) curve having less area -- less total number of people infected -- than the curve with the higher peak.  In contrast, the graphs above depict pessimistic scenarios in which the total number infected in both scenarios are the same, perhaps because the disease is so contagious that eventually 100% of the population always becomes infected.  With a lower peak, the health care system is less likely to be overwhelmed (and less overwhelmed means fewer deaths due to shortages of medical resources), but the pandemic goes on for longer.

The function plotted is the probability density function of the gamma distribution.  There was no scientific basis for choosing this function, other than it looks similar to Flatten The Curve graphics by others.  The gamma distribution (with appropriate parameters) is a bell shaped function which starts at zero, has a peak, then decreases back down to zero asymptotically.  The area under the curve is always 1 because it is a probability distribution function.  The X axis (horizontal axis) limits were chosen so that 99.9% of the area under the blue (flatter) curve is visible on the graph.

In each graph, the red (higher peak) curve is the gamma distribution with parameters k=4 and theta=1.  We chose these parameters to make it look nice and bell-shaped with a heavy tail to the right.  (Higher values of k would make it more symmetrical.)  This red curve has the same parameters in every graph; it appears more narrow when the X axis covers a greater range.

In the graph whose blue curve peak is 1/2 the height of the red peak, the gamma pdf parameters of the blue curve are k=4, theta=2.

Graph with (blue curve peak) = 1/3 (red peak): gamma pdf parameters k=4, theta=3.

Graph with (blue curve peak) = 1/4 (red peak): gamma pdf parameters k=4, theta=4.

Graph with (blue curve peak) = 1/6 (red peak): gamma pdf parameters k=4, theta=6.

Conveniently, 1/theta is the ratio of peak heights.

Functions were plotted with GNU Octave 4.0.0:

The peak function gives the location of the mode of the gamma distribution:

function y=peak(k,t)
y=(k-1)*t;
endfunction

function y=peakval(k,t)
y=gampdf(peak(k,t),k,t);
endfunction

>> [k1 t1 k2 t2]
ans =
4 1 4 2

We plot each curve separately, making sure to have the same axes between them.

t2=2 ; t=linspace(0,gaminv(0.999,k2,t2),1000) ; area(t, gampdf(t,k1,t1), "edgecolor", "black", "facecolor", "black") ; axis([0 gaminv(0.999, k2, t2) 0 peakval(k1, t1)], "tic[]") ; box("off")
print("fig2a.png")
t2=2 ; t=linspace(0,gaminv(0.999,k2,t2),1000) ; area(t, gampdf(t,k2,t2), "edgecolor", "black", "facecolor", "black") ; axis([0 gaminv(0.999, k2, t2) 0 peakval(k1, t1)], "tic[]") ; box("off")
print("fig2b.png")

Repeat for t2={3,4,6}.

The output dimensions of the images probably depend on the size on screen.  Size on screen was the top half of a 1920x1080 display.  Output image size was 3996x1010.

Bug in Octave: We tried "facecolor", "red", "linestyle", "none" to have a solid red area with no black border.  The border disappears as expected when the figure is on screen but remains present in the "print" file.  Ultimately, our workaround was to have Octave do everything in black and white, then add color in post processing.

Bug in Octave: "print" fills the area with a strange moire pattern instead of solid color.  We increase contrast to make it visible to the eye:

pngtopnm fig2a.png | ppmtopgm | pgmtopbm -thresh -val 0.0001 | pnmtopng > octave-moire.png

This might be an artifact of linspace sampling only 1000 points, but the output image being 3996 pixels wide.  In the future, we will consider plotting a bar graph in Octave instead of an area graph.

We need a blank figure with just the axes.

figure
t2=2; axis([0 gaminv(0.999, k2, t2) 0 peakval(k1, t1)], "tic[]"); box("off")
print("axes.png")

We use NetPBM to composite pairs of curves onto one graph, adding color and black axes.

for file in axes.png fig*.png ; do pngtopnm $file | ppmtopgm | pgmtopbm -v 0.99 -thresh > $file.pbm ; done

for i in 2 3 4 6; do pnmarith -max fig${i}a.png.pbm fig${i}b.png.pbm >| c1; pnmcomp -invert -alpha fig${i}a.png.pbm red white | pnmcomp -invert -alpha fig${i}b.png.pbm blue | pnmcomp -invert -alpha c1 magenta | pnmcomp -invert -alpha axes.png.pbm black | pnmcut 198 5 3600 1000 | pnmscale 0.5 | pnmtopng > gamma-dist-$i.png; done

This script is pretty ugly.  Surely there must be a better way to do this.

All images, including input images to the script (outputs from Octave).

Images are CC BY-SA 4.0.

[fzlmpssc] Fun with electron configuration

Let's ignore reality and pretend that the Madelung rule (aufbau principle) is always true.  We use it to calculate the electron configuration of isolated neutral single atoms in their ground state (which is itself not too realistic a situation).

(In reality, the rule is often false.  However, the periodic table has elements assigned to blocks whose size, shape, and location in the table reflect electron configuration predicted by the Madelung rule, assuming the rule is always true.  The shape of the periodic table implicitly enshrines the Madelung rule.)

The table below has 8 fields per line, separated by colons.

Field 1: Atomic number (Z)

Field 2: Element name.  Blank if the element has not been named (or discovered) yet, as of 2020.

Field 3: Element symbol.  Blank if the element has not been assigned a symbol yet.

Field 4: Systematic element name, derived from its atomic number in base 10.  The systematic name is officially intended only for elements with atomic numbers at least 100, but we give it for all elements just for fun.

Field 5: Systematic element symbol, derived from its atomic number.  The systematic symbols for elements with atomic numbers less than 100 often collide with existing element symbols, which is one of the reasons why systematic names and symbols are not officially intended for elements with low atomic numbers.

Field 6: Electron configuration predicted by the Madelung rule, in traditional orbital notation.  The subshells are given in the order that they fill.  A vertical bar separates the inner (noble gas configuration) electrons from the outer electrons.

Field 7: Electron configuration predicted by the Madelung rule in a more verbose notation.  Each subshell is parenthesized.  For each subshell, we give its quantum numbers n and l and a fraction indicating the number of electrons in that subshell (i.e., its occupancy) and its capacity.  The subshells are given in the order that they fill.  A vertical bar separates the inner (noble gas configuration) electrons from the outer electrons.  We also include an element's empty subshells up to the next noble gas configuration.

Field 8: The first number (with a plus) indicates how many more electrons the element has than the previous noble gas.  The second number (with a minus) indicates how many less electrons the element has than the next noble gas.  If the second number is -0, then the element is a noble gas.  Sometimes these numbers line up with chemical valences.

Source code in Haskell to generate this table.

The code can also compute the first element (namely Z = 13245) in which we run out of letters to name its subshells.  When that happens, it emits Unicode code points in order beyond 'z', starting with {.

This code can also list the atomic numbers of the noble gases (OEIS A018227).  Future post: explanation of how we determine based on its electron configuration whether an element is a noble gas.

The following function implements the Madelung rule for a given n+l, listing all subshells in the order they are filled.  We use List as the nondeterminism monad to get all possibilities.

allsubshells_nl :: Integer -> [(Nquantumnumber, Lsubshell)];
allsubshells_nl n_plus_l = do {
-- because we do these in this order, lower n are preferred first.
n <- [1 .. n_plus_l];
let { l = n_plus_l - n; };
assert (0 <= l) $ return ();
Monad.guard $ l < n;
return (Nquantumnumber n, Lsubshell l);
};

This code is inefficient by a factor of 2.  n could have started at n_plus_l/2 instead of 1.  Perhaps the compiler can optimize this (though I doubt it does).

The systematic element name is generated by concatenating Latin and Greek roots and the suffix -ium, then applying the regular expression substitutions s/ii/i/g and s/nnn/nn/g.  We used Text.Regex.subRegex in the regex-compat-tdfa package to perform the substitutions.  There is no longer built-in find-and-replace functionality in the non-"compat" regex packages, a curious removal of usefulness.

We list all elements up to atomic number 121 (the first appearance of the g orbital), and then a selected few elements beyond, including the first appearance of the h orbital at element 221, and finally element 222 with its funny sounding name, bibibium.

WARNING: Just to reiterate, these electron configurations are those predicted by the Madelung rule.  They often do not reflect reality!

Z = 1 : hydrogen : H : unium : U : | 1s^1 : | ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 1 / 2 ) : noble +1 -1

Z = 2 : helium : He : bium : B : | 1s^2 : | ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) : noble +2 -0

Z = 3 : lithium : Li : trium : T : 1s^2 | 2s^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) | ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 1 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +1 -7

Z = 4 : beryllium : Be : quadium : Q : 1s^2 | 2s^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) | ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +2 -6

Z = 5 : boron : B : pentium : P : 1s^2 | 2s^2 2p^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) | ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 1 / 6 ) : noble +3 -5

Z = 6 : carbon : C : hexium : H : 1s^2 | 2s^2 2p^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) | ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 2 / 6 ) : noble +4 -4

Z = 7 : nitrogen : N : septium : S : 1s^2 | 2s^2 2p^3 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) | ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 3 / 6 ) : noble +5 -3

Z = 8 : oxygen : O : octium : O : 1s^2 | 2s^2 2p^4 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) | ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 4 / 6 ) : noble +6 -2

Z = 9 : fluorine : F : ennium : E : 1s^2 | 2s^2 2p^5 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) | ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 5 / 6 ) : noble +7 -1

Z = 10 : neon : Ne : unnilium : Un : 1s^2 | 2s^2 2p^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) | ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) : noble +8 -0

Z = 11 : sodium : Na : ununium : Uu : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 | 3s^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 1 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +1 -7

Z = 12 : magnesium : Mg : unbium : Ub : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 | 3s^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +2 -6

Z = 13 : aluminum : Al : untrium : Ut : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 | 3s^2 3p^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 1 / 6 ) : noble +3 -5

Z = 14 : silicon : Si : unquadium : Uq : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 | 3s^2 3p^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 2 / 6 ) : noble +4 -4

Z = 15 : phosphorus : P : unpentium : Up : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 | 3s^2 3p^3 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 3 / 6 ) : noble +5 -3

Z = 16 : sulfur : S : unhexium : Uh : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 | 3s^2 3p^4 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 4 / 6 ) : noble +6 -2

Z = 17 : chlorine : Cl : unseptium : Us : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 | 3s^2 3p^5 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 5 / 6 ) : noble +7 -1

Z = 18 : argon : Ar : unoctium : Uo : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 | 3s^2 3p^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) : noble +8 -0

Z = 19 : potassium : K : unennium : Ue : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 1 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +1 -17

Z = 20 : calcium : Ca : binilium : Bn : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +2 -16

Z = 21 : scandium : Sc : biunium : Bu : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 1 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +3 -15

Z = 22 : titanium : Ti : bibium : Bb : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 2 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +4 -14

Z = 23 : vanadium : V : bitrium : Bt : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^3 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 3 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +5 -13

Z = 24 : chromium : Cr : biquadium : Bq : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^4 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 4 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +6 -12

Z = 25 : manganese : Mn : bipentium : Bp : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^5 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 5 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +7 -11

Z = 26 : iron : Fe : bihexium : Bh : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 6 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +8 -10

Z = 27 : cobalt : Co : biseptium : Bs : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^7 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 7 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +9 -9

Z = 28 : nickel : Ni : bioctium : Bo : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^8 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 8 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +10 -8

Z = 29 : copper : Cu : biennium : Be : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^9 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 9 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +11 -7

Z = 30 : zinc : Zn : trinilium : Tn : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^10 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +12 -6

Z = 31 : gallium : Ga : triunium : Tu : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^10 4p^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 1 / 6 ) : noble +13 -5

Z = 32 : germanium : Ge : tribium : Tb : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^10 4p^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 2 / 6 ) : noble +14 -4

Z = 33 : arsenic : As : tritrium : Tt : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^10 4p^3 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 3 / 6 ) : noble +15 -3

Z = 34 : selenium : Se : triquadium : Tq : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^10 4p^4 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 4 / 6 ) : noble +16 -2

Z = 35 : bromine : Br : tripentium : Tp : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^10 4p^5 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 5 / 6 ) : noble +17 -1

Z = 36 : krypton : Kr : trihexium : Th : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 | 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) : noble +18 -0

Z = 37 : rubidium : Rb : triseptium : Ts : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 1 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +1 -17

Z = 38 : strontium : Sr : trioctium : To : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +2 -16

Z = 39 : yttrium : Y : triennium : Te : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 1 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +3 -15

Z = 40 : zirconium : Zr : quadnilium : Qn : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 2 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +4 -14

Z = 41 : niobium : Nb : quadunium : Qu : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^3 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 3 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +5 -13

Z = 42 : molybdenum : Mo : quadbium : Qb : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^4 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 4 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +6 -12

Z = 43 : technetium : Tc : quadtrium : Qt : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^5 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 5 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +7 -11

Z = 44 : ruthenium : Ru : quadquadium : Qq : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 6 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +8 -10

Z = 45 : rhodium : Rh : quadpentium : Qp : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^7 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 7 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +9 -9

Z = 46 : palladium : Pd : quadhexium : Qh : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^8 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 8 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +10 -8

Z = 47 : silver : Ag : quadseptium : Qs : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^9 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 9 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +11 -7

Z = 48 : cadmium : Cd : quadoctium : Qo : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^10 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +12 -6

Z = 49 : indium : In : quadennium : Qe : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^10 5p^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 1 / 6 ) : noble +13 -5

Z = 50 : tin : Sn : pentnilium : Pn : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^10 5p^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 2 / 6 ) : noble +14 -4

Z = 51 : antimony : Sb : pentunium : Pu : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^10 5p^3 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 3 / 6 ) : noble +15 -3

Z = 52 : tellurium : Te : pentbium : Pb : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^10 5p^4 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 4 / 6 ) : noble +16 -2

Z = 53 : iodine : I : penttrium : Pt : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^10 5p^5 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 5 / 6 ) : noble +17 -1

Z = 54 : xenon : Xe : pentquadium : Pq : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 | 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) : noble +18 -0

Z = 55 : cesium : Cs : pentpentium : Pp : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 1 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +1 -31

Z = 56 : barium : Ba : penthexium : Ph : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +2 -30

Z = 57 : lanthanum : La : pentseptium : Ps : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 1 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +3 -29

Z = 58 : cerium : Ce : pentoctium : Po : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 2 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +4 -28

Z = 59 : praseodymium : Pr : pentennium : Pe : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^3 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 3 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +5 -27

Z = 60 : neodymium : Nd : hexnilium : Hn : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^4 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 4 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +6 -26

Z = 61 : promethium : Pm : hexunium : Hu : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^5 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 5 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +7 -25

Z = 62 : samarium : Sm : hexbium : Hb : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 6 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +8 -24

Z = 63 : europium : Eu : hextrium : Ht : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^7 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 7 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +9 -23

Z = 64 : gadolinium : Gd : hexquadium : Hq : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^8 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 8 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +10 -22

Z = 65 : terbium : Tb : hexpentium : Hp : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^9 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 9 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +11 -21

Z = 66 : dysprosium : Dy : hexhexium : Hh : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^10 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 10 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +12 -20

Z = 67 : holmium : Ho : hexseptium : Hs : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^11 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 11 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +13 -19

Z = 68 : erbium : Er : hexoctium : Ho : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^12 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 12 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +14 -18

Z = 69 : thulium : Tm : hexennium : He : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^13 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 13 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +15 -17

Z = 70 : ytterbium : Yb : septnilium : Sn : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +16 -16

Z = 71 : lutetium : Lu : septunium : Su : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 1 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +17 -15

Z = 72 : hafnium : Hf : septbium : Sb : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 2 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +18 -14

Z = 73 : tantalum : Ta : septtrium : St : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^3 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 3 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +19 -13

Z = 74 : tungsten : W : septquadium : Sq : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^4 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 4 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +20 -12

Z = 75 : rhenium : Re : septpentium : Sp : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^5 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 5 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +21 -11

Z = 76 : osmium : Os : septhexium : Sh : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 6 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +22 -10

Z = 77 : iridium : Ir : septseptium : Ss : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^7 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 7 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +23 -9

Z = 78 : platinum : Pt : septoctium : So : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^8 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 8 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +24 -8

Z = 79 : gold : Au : septennium : Se : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^9 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 9 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +25 -7

Z = 80 : mercury : Hg : octnilium : On : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +26 -6

Z = 81 : thallium : Tl : octunium : Ou : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 1 / 6 ) : noble +27 -5

Z = 82 : lead : Pb : octbium : Ob : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 2 / 6 ) : noble +28 -4

Z = 83 : bismuth : Bi : octtrium : Ot : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^3 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 3 / 6 ) : noble +29 -3

Z = 84 : polonium : Po : octquadium : Oq : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^4 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 4 / 6 ) : noble +30 -2

Z = 85 : astatine : At : octpentium : Op : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^5 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 5 / 6 ) : noble +31 -1

Z = 86 : radon : Rn : octhexium : Oh : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 | 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) : noble +32 -0

Z = 87 : francium : Fr : octseptium : Os : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 1 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +1 -31

Z = 88 : radium : Ra : octoctium : Oo : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +2 -30

Z = 89 : actinium : Ac : octennium : Oe : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 1 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +3 -29

Z = 90 : thorium : Th : ennilium : En : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 2 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +4 -28

Z = 91 : protactinium : Pa : ennunium : Eu : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^3 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 3 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +5 -27

Z = 92 : uranium : U : ennbium : Eb : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^4 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 4 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +6 -26

Z = 93 : neptunium : Np : enntrium : Et : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^5 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 5 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +7 -25

Z = 94 : plutonium : Pu : ennquadium : Eq : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 6 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +8 -24

Z = 95 : americium : Am : ennpentium : Ep : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^7 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 7 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +9 -23

Z = 96 : curium : Cm : ennhexium : Eh : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^8 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 8 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +10 -22

Z = 97 : berkelium : Bk : ennseptium : Es : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^9 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 9 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +11 -21

Z = 98 : californium : Cf : ennoctium : Eo : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^10 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 10 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +12 -20

Z = 99 : einsteinium : Es : ennennium : Ee : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^11 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 11 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +13 -19

Z = 100 : fermium : Fm : unnilnilium : Unn : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^12 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 12 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +14 -18

Z = 101 : mendelevium : Md : unnilunium : Unu : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^13 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 13 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +15 -17

Z = 102 : nobelium : No : unnilbium : Unb : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +16 -16

Z = 103 : lawrencium : Lr : unniltrium : Unt : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 1 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +17 -15

Z = 104 : rutherfordium : Rf : unnilquadium : Unq : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 2 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +18 -14

Z = 105 : dubnium : Db : unnilpentium : Unp : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^3 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 3 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +19 -13

Z = 106 : seaborgium : Sg : unnilhexium : Unh : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^4 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 4 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +20 -12

Z = 107 : bohrium : Bh : unnilseptium : Uns : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^5 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 5 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +21 -11

Z = 108 : hassium : Hs : unniloctium : Uno : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 6 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +22 -10

Z = 109 : meitnerium : Mt : unnilennium : Une : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^7 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 7 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +23 -9

Z = 110 : darmstadtium : Ds : ununnilium : Uun : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^8 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 8 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +24 -8

Z = 111 : roentgenium : Rg : unununium : Uuu : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^9 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 9 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +25 -7

Z = 112 : copernicium : Cn : ununbium : Uub : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +26 -6

Z = 113 : nihonium : Nh : ununtrium : Uut : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 1 / 6 ) : noble +27 -5

Z = 114 : flerovium : Fl : ununquadium : Uuq : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 2 / 6 ) : noble +28 -4

Z = 115 : moscovium : Mc : ununpentium : Uup : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^3 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 3 / 6 ) : noble +29 -3

Z = 116 : livermorium : Lv : ununhexium : Uuh : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^4 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 4 / 6 ) : noble +30 -2

Z = 117 : tennessine : Ts : ununseptium : Uus : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^5 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 5 / 6 ) : noble +31 -1

Z = 118 : oganesson : Og : ununoctium : Uuo : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 | 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) : noble +32 -0

Z = 119 : : : ununennium : Uue : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 | 8s^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 1 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 0 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +1 -49

Z = 120 : : : unbinilium : Ubn : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 | 8s^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 0 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +2 -48

Z = 121 : : : unbiunium : Ubu : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 | 8s^2 5g^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 1 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +3 -47

Z = 138 : : : untrioctium : Uto : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 | 8s^2 5g^18 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +20 -30

Z = 139 : : : untriennium : Ute : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 | 8s^2 5g^18 6f^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 1 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +21 -29

Z = 168 : : : unhexoctium : Uho : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 | 8s^2 5g^18 6f^14 7d^10 8p^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) : noble +50 -0

Z = 169 : : : unhexennium : Uhe : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 8s^2 5g^18 6f^14 7d^10 8p^6 | 9s^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 9 , l = 0 , 1 / 2 ) ( n = 6 , l = 4 , 0 / 18 ) ( n = 7 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 8 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 9 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +1 -49

Z = 170 : : : unseptnilium : Usn : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 8s^2 5g^18 6f^14 7d^10 8p^6 | 9s^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 9 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 6 , l = 4 , 0 / 18 ) ( n = 7 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 8 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 9 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +2 -48

Z = 171 : : : unseptunium : Usu : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 8s^2 5g^18 6f^14 7d^10 8p^6 | 9s^2 6g^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 9 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 6 , l = 4 , 1 / 18 ) ( n = 7 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 8 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 9 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +3 -47

Z = 218 : : : biunoctium : Buo : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 8s^2 5g^18 6f^14 7d^10 8p^6 | 9s^2 6g^18 7f^14 8d^10 9p^6 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 9 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 6 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 7 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 8 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 9 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) : noble +50 -0

Z = 219 : : : biunennium : Bue : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 8s^2 5g^18 6f^14 7d^10 8p^6 9s^2 6g^18 7f^14 8d^10 9p^6 | 10s^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 9 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 6 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 7 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 8 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 9 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 10 , l = 0 , 1 / 2 ) ( n = 6 , l = 5 , 0 / 22 ) ( n = 7 , l = 4 , 0 / 18 ) ( n = 8 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 9 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 10 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +1 -71

Z = 220 : : : bibinilium : Bbn : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 8s^2 5g^18 6f^14 7d^10 8p^6 9s^2 6g^18 7f^14 8d^10 9p^6 | 10s^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 9 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 6 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 7 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 8 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 9 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 10 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 6 , l = 5 , 0 / 22 ) ( n = 7 , l = 4 , 0 / 18 ) ( n = 8 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 9 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 10 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +2 -70

Z = 221 : : : bibiunium : Bbu : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 8s^2 5g^18 6f^14 7d^10 8p^6 9s^2 6g^18 7f^14 8d^10 9p^6 | 10s^2 6h^1 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 9 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 6 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 7 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 8 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 9 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 10 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 6 , l = 5 , 1 / 22 ) ( n = 7 , l = 4 , 0 / 18 ) ( n = 8 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 9 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 10 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +3 -69

Z = 222 : : : bibibium : Bbb : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 8s^2 5g^18 6f^14 7d^10 8p^6 9s^2 6g^18 7f^14 8d^10 9p^6 | 10s^2 6h^2 : ( n = 1 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 2 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 3 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 4 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 3 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 4 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 5 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 5 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 6 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 4 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 5 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 6 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 7 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 6 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 7 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 8 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 5 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 6 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 7 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 8 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) ( n = 9 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 6 , l = 4 , 18 / 18 ) ( n = 7 , l = 3 , 14 / 14 ) ( n = 8 , l = 2 , 10 / 10 ) ( n = 9 , l = 1 , 6 / 6 ) | ( n = 10 , l = 0 , 2 / 2 ) ( n = 6 , l = 5 , 2 / 22 ) ( n = 7 , l = 4 , 0 / 18 ) ( n = 8 , l = 3 , 0 / 14 ) ( n = 9 , l = 2 , 0 / 10 ) ( n = 10 , l = 1 , 0 / 6 ) : noble +4 -68

[bpibhmsg] The Black Death

Kanye, interrupting COVID-19: Imma let you finish, but The Black Death is one of the best names for a pandemic of all time!

Someday: Revenge of the Black Death

[pnioejoi] Some generalized Fermat primes

The following Pari/GP code prints out the indices (i) of the first 20 Generalized Fermat Primes i^2^x+1, for values of x between 0 and 10.

for(x=0 , 10 , print1(x," :") ; c=0 ; for(i=0 , +oo , p=i^2^x+1 ; if(ispseudoprime(p) , print1(" ",i) ; c++ ; if(20==c , print() ; break))))

0 : 1 2 4 6 10 12 16 18 22 28 30 36 40 42 46 52 58 60 66 70
1 : 1 2 4 6 10 14 16 20 24 26 36 40 54 56 66 74 84 90 94 110
2 : 1 2 4 6 16 20 24 28 34 46 48 54 56 74 80 82 88 90 106 118
3 : 1 2 4 118 132 140 152 208 240 242 288 290 306 378 392 426 434 442 508 510
4 : 1 2 44 74 76 94 156 158 176 188 198 248 288 306 318 330 348 370 382 396
5 : 1 30 54 96 112 114 132 156 332 342 360 376 428 430 432 448 562 588 726 738
6 : 1 102 162 274 300 412 562 592 728 1084 1094 1108 1120 1200 1558 1566 1630 1804 1876 2094
7 : 1 120 190 234 506 532 548 960 1738 1786 2884 3000 3420 3476 3658 4258 5788 6080 6562 6750
8 : 1 278 614 892 898 1348 1494 1574 1938 2116 2122 2278 2762 3434 4094 4204 4728 5712 5744 6066
9 : 1 46 1036 1318 1342 2472 2926 3154 3878 4386 4464 4474 4482 4616 4688 5374 5698 5716 5770 6268
10 : 1 824 1476 1632 2462 2484 2520 3064 3402 3820 4026 6640 7026 7158 9070 12202 12548 12994 13042 15358

For example, the entry "30" in row 5 means that 30^2^5+1 = 30^32+1 is prime.

Are these indices unusually smooth (in the context of integer factorization)?  (Other than the fact that they are always even except for 1.)  We do see numbers like 30, 360, and 1200.

There's a prefix in the first row 1 2 4 6 10 12 that shortens by exactly one each successive row.  Is this triangular pattern just a coincidence?

The largest prime on the table, 15358^1024+1 has size 14241 bits.

The matrix has been extended in both directions by others.

The second column (2 2 2 2 2 30 102 120 278 46 824...) is OEIS A056993.

Currently, the first difficult row is row 21.

[gbwimwse] Billiard ball gas

Model a gas as collection of circular or spherical elastic billiard balls bouncing off each other (and off elastic boundaries).  This has been done many times over, but seems simple (and fun) to reimplement, not requiring too much effort: straight lines and some quadratic equation solving to determine when and where two spheres collide and which way they bounce.

Probably good for GPU.

Previously, modeling a solid.

One should be able to model pressure waves (i.e., sound, regions of high or low density) propagating through a gas.

Once we are modeling a large number of particles, far more than the 16 on a pool table, we probably want some fancy data structure to keep track of upcoming collisions in order of time.  Priority queue.  When two particles collide, or one particle bounces off a wall, resulting in new velocities, the data structure needs to be updated, ideally without too much work.

Do we reach in (somehow) and delete or update entries in the priority queue (and auxiliary data structures), or do we mark things with epoch and simply discard obsoleted collisions when they bubble to the top?  If the latter, be careful not to explode in space usage.  Perhaps do garbage collection, periodically, or on demand when space grows beyond a threshold.

Given general initial conditions, does the system evolve toward a Boltzmann distibution of velocities?  How can one test or measure how close a system is to a Boltzmann distribution?

Instead of being perfectly reflective, model the walls as having a temperature, able to add or subtract energy to or from a particle colliding with it.  Perhaps a wall is a crystal of vibrating balls attached to each other by springs.

Consider walls that move exogenously, inspired by speaker cones.  We probably need a way of preventing energy from increasing without bound.

What are some nice ways to display this simulation?  Assume 2D for now.

Draw particle paths, but not too long, or else it becomes visually too messy.  Draw paths on all particles or just a select few (maybe one)?

Auxiliary windows isolating just the particles in the next few collisions.  Incoming particles' actual positions and projected paths.  Virtual "simplified" position paths extrapolating backward in time from the point of collision.  Actual and virtual differ if particles take a complicated path, with earlier collisions, before reaching the collision in question.  "Magnify" in a special way: replace the particles with larger particles with the same velocities but different positions which collide in the same position (i.e., the momentary point of adjacent tangency) and ricochet the same directions as the actual particles.

Annotate each particle with some indication of how soon it will next participate in a collision.

Is the simulation aesthetically interesting?

Perhaps not: it looks random and keeps looking random.

Or perhaps yes: billiard balls are Turing complete.  Supersonic stuff might be interesting.