Of increasing fidelity:
- molecular formula C3H8
- condensed formula CH3CH2CH3
- structural formula (2D diagram)
- structural formula with chirality indicated, e.g., Natta projection
- 3D diagram (e.g., ball and stick, or space filling), perhaps VR
- 3D animated diagram, showing the molecule rotating around all single bonds, cyclohexane changing confirmations
- animation accurately modeling stearic hindrance, wandering among conformations accurately according to expected probability.
- carboxylic acid (COOH) and similar (phosphoric acid) in aqueous solution: animation includes proton repeatedly popping off and reattaching to the other oxygen.
1 through 5 are common in print; the latter become possible with electronic presentation.
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