Create a lock with a bar code reader / camera which unlocks when presented with the correct bar code.
The interesting feature is that the key can easily be duplicated without needing special equipment like a key cutter or magstripe writer or RFID chip programmer. Obviously, there is a security tradeoff, but is this feature useful? Perhaps the authorities are monitoring or controlling access to all such special equipment for duplicating other types of keys.
A barcode on a sheet of paper has much less mass and volume than a metal key or magstripe card or RFID fob. A smartphone can carry many barcodes. If a smartphone is to be used, we could design a system in which the unlock code changes every time; old codes cannot be reused. (Perhaps use a Bloom filter in the lock to store already seen keys.)
Programming the lock could also be done through the lock's camera barcode interface. We begin to want a communication channel from the lock back to the phone.
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