Sunday, February 13, 2011

[rwqjdczw] Ten Common logarithms

By memorizing a table of logarithms base 10, one can multiply by using addition. A log table could be just as easy (or hard) to memorize as a standard digit multiplication table, but be much more useful because the information is more concentrated in a range where it matters (values 1 through about 3). How big a table should one memorize? How many significant digits for each log? How should one round? I don't have a rigorous way of answering these questions. We try to keep the relative error low, but also keep entropy low. Here is a simple table, also giving the boundaries between each log. The plus or minus suffix gives the direction of the exact boundary, so a number at the given boundary should be rounded the opposite direction.

0 = log1
1.1+
0.1 = log1.26
1.4+
0.2 = log1.6
1.8-
0.3 = log2
2.2+
0.4 = log2.5
2.8+
0.5 = log3.2
3.5+
0.6 = log4
4.5-
0.7 = log5
5.6+
0.8 = log6.3
7+
0.9 = log8
9-
1 = log10

For example 2.8 < pi < 3.5, so log(pi)=0.5 ; 2.2 < e < 2.8, so log(e)=0.4 ; log (pi*e) = 0.4 + 0.5 = 0.9 = log (8), or pi*e = 8. Actual value 8.539734223 .

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