[czwhqctv] parallel utilities

the following bash features and Unix utilities are useful for parallel programming at the granularity of a process:

"&", wait, "|", named pipes, process substitution, tee, make -j, xargs -P, moreutils parallel, GNU parallel (the latter of the two has been more useful in my experience).

any parallel or concurrent programming library should endeavor to be at least as good, to provide at least these features.  do any?  documentation should cover how to mimic these features.