If there exists any mechanism in which mass-energy is not conserved but lost, perhaps an extremely rare reaction that loses an extremely small amount of energy (it leaks "out" of the universe), then the universe will eventually collapse in a Big Crunch over an extremely long time scale. Unless things like Big Rip or False Vacuum happen first.
How precisely has conservation of mass-energy been verified? But it could always be some rare particle interaction that has never been observed in a scientific setting, perhaps a many body collision.
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