Consider a chess game where one of the participants is permitted to receive 1 bit of assistance from a confederate (likely armed with a computer) during the course of a game. Perhaps a light turns on (and stays on) after some opponent move. The opponent does not get to know that the bit was sent.
How much is this 1 bit worth, in terms of Elo improvement?
Exactly what to communicate with that 1 bit should be decided as a protocol between confederate and player before the game (kind of like bridge). One possible protocol could have the bit mean "opponent has just made a subtle mistake; you should look specifically for a punishing move."
This is a very limited form of Advanced Chess, but with only one player permitted extremely limited "use" of a computer.
The purpose of this exercise is to measure just how difficult preventing cheating in chess will be. In a normal game, preventing the covert transmission of only 1 bit will be extremely difficult.
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